The Hartman effect is the tunnelling effect through a barrier where the tunnelling time tends to a constant for large barriers.
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However, the quantum tunnelling effect allows alphas to escape even though they do not have enough energy to overcome the nuclear force.
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In another model, the process is a quantum tunnelling effect, whereby particle antiparticle pairs will form from the vacuum, and one will tunnel outside the event horizon.
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I say this carefully though, because if the particles being discussed were electrons, by using a tunnel barrier you could take advantage of the quantum tunnelling effect and allow particles of certain energy to pass through without such a loss in energy.
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In cases where the radius of the central body is less than the Schwarzschild radius, R _ { s } represents the radius within which all massive bodies, and even photons, must inevitably fall into the central body ( ignoring quantum tunnelling effects near the boundary ).
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